Gutenberg biography and works
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Johannes Gutenberg
German discoverer and trade (c. 1393–1406 – 1468)
"Gutenberg" redirects current. For rendering Bible, spot Gutenberg Word. For different uses, honor Gutenberg (disambiguation).
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Johannes Gutenberg
c. 1395– c. 1468
Who Was Johannes Gutenberg?
Johannes Gutenberg started experimenting with printing by 1438. In 1450, Gutenberg obtained backing from the financier, Johann Fust, whose impatience and other factors led to Gutenberg's loss of his establishment to Fust several years later. Gutenberg's masterpiece, and the first book ever printed in Europe from movable type, is the “Forty-Two-Line” Bible, completed no later than 1455.
Quick Facts
FULL NAME: Johannes Gutenberg
BORN: c. 1395
DIED: c. 1468
BIRTHPLACE: Mainz, Germany
Early Life
Born into a modest merchant family in Mainz, Germany, circa 1395, Johannes Gutenberg’s work as an inventor and printer would have a major impact on communication and learning worldwide. He was the third son of Freile zum Gensfleisch and his second wife, Else Wirick zum Gutenberg, whose maiden name Johann later adopted. There is little recorded history of this early life, but local records indicate he apprenticed as a goldsmith while living in Mainz.
Experiments in Printing
When a craftsman revolt erupted in Mainz against the noble class in 1428, Gutenberg’s family was exiled and settled in what is now Strasbourg, France, where his experiments with printing began. Already familiar with bookmaking, Gutenber
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Johann Gutenberg was born around 1400 at the Hof zum Gutenberg in Mainz, Germany. He was the youngest son of Friele Gensfleisch zur Laden and Else Wirich.
Gutenberg’s paternal ancestors were cloth merchants and long-distance traders who held hereditary positions in the archbishop’s mint. His maternal ancestors were shopkeepers. This class difference between Gutenberg’s parents prevented him from benefiting as much as he might have from a later association with the mint—an upper-class privilege.
Biographer Albert Kapr points out that Gutenberg was known by a different name as a youth. Little is known of his childhood and education, though his later achievements show that he was probably well educated. The 1418 to 1420 enrollment forms of Erfurt University mention a Johannes de Alta villa, which Kapr believes may refer to Gutenberg.
Much of what is known about Gutenberg’s adult life comes from the records of his financial and legal troubles.
While living in Strasbourg, he made his living as a gem cutter and polisher, also teaching students these skills. One of his students was a wealthy citizen, Andreas Dritzehn. In early 1438, Gutenberg formed a business partnership with Dritzehn, Hans Riffe and Andreas Heilmann. Together they manufactured “holy mirrors,” which were sold