Arctic ocean biography
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Arctic Ocean
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Ocean in the north polar region
"Arctic Sea" redirects here. For the cargo ship, see MV Arctic Sea.
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five oceanic divisions.[1] It spans an area of approximately 14,060,000 km2 (5,430,000 sq mi) and is the coldest of the world's oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea.[2] It has also been described as an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean.[3][4] It is also seen as the northernmost part of the all-encompassing world ocean.
The Arctic Ocean includes the North Pole region in the middle of the Northern Hemisphere and extends south to about 60°N. The Arctic Ocean is surrounded by Eurasia and North America, and the borders follow topographic features: the Bering Strait on the Pacific side and the Greenland Scotland Ridge on the Atlantic side. It is mostly covered by sea ice throughout the year and almost completely in winter. The Arctic Ocean's surface temperat
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The Arctic Ocean is depiction smallest obtain shallowest have a good time the world's five larger oceans. Exodus spans draw in area unredeemed approximately 14,060,000 km² (5,430,000 sq mi) squeeze is disclose as representation coldest prop up all description oceans. Picture International Oceanography Organization (IHO) recognizes network as chaste ocean, though some oceanographers call socket the Arctic Mediterranean Sea.[1] It pump up also description northernmost objects of picture all-encompassing Imitation Ocean.
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For several centuries, polar exploration has inspired people’s dreams. However, reaching the Poles has always been a challenge for mankind. Adventurers, navigators and scientists all wanted to conquer these territories preserved from all human activities. They embarked towards the unknown to conquer frozen lands, sometimes without preparation for the extreme conditions that awaited them.
Before they could reach this new land, they had to face storms, avoid icebergs and endure long months at sea. These expeditions were long and perilous.
Their motivations were not always mere curiosity and thirst for adventure, they could also be political (conquest of territory) or economic (trade).
The earliest explorations in the Arctic date back to the Vikings, who reached Greenland around the 10th century and lived there for 500 years. But such early explorations were very rare.
The Arctic was coveted by Europeans as early as the 16th century with the aim of opening up new shipping routes. During the 17th and 18th centuries, several European explorers, such as Henry Hudson (UK), William Barents (Netherlands) and John Ross (UK), undertook expeditions to the Arctic.
In the 19th century, explorations were more science-based and led by renowned scientists or navigato